New Research From Clinical Psychological Science – Association for Psychological Science – APS |
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Empathic Accuracy and Shared Depressive Symptoms in Close RelationshipsCasey L. Brown, Kevin J. Grimm, Jenna L. Wells, Alice Y. Hua, and Robert W. Levenson Why do close partners often share depressive symptoms? It may be because of empathic accuracy, or the ability of accurately understand other people’s emotions, this research suggests. Brown and colleagues used laboratory tasks that capture participants’ ability to rate other people’s emotional valence accurately over time. They tested married couples and informal caregivers of individuals with dementia. In both samples, greater empathic accuracy was associated with (a) fewer depressive symptoms when a partner lacked depressive symptoms and (b) more depressive symptoms when a partner had high levels of depressive symptoms. Hippocampal Connectivity With the Default Mode Network Is Linked to Hippocampal Volume in the Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Syndrome and Healthy IndividualsKatrina Aberizk et al. Reduced hippocampal volume is a common brain feature in psychiatric conditions, but what is the association between hippocampal volume and brain connectivity in individuals considered to be at risk for psychiatric conditions? Aberizk and colleagues examined these associations during rest in healthy participants and individuals at risk for psychosis. They found an inverse association between hippocampal volume and hippocampal functional connectivity with the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and thalamus. However, after excluding participants on antipsychotic medication, the results implicated the temporal pole, not the IPL. These findings imply that hippocampal functional connectivity with the temporoparietal junction is associated with hippocampal volume. Stigmatizing Our Own: Self-Relevant Research (Me-Search) Is Common but Frowned Upon in Clinical Psychological ScienceAndrew R. Devendorf et al. Devendorf and colleagues investigated the prevalence of self-relevant research and attitudes toward self-relevant researchers in a North American sample of faculty, graduate students, and others affiliated with doctoral programs in clinical, counseling, and school psychology. More than 50% of participants had conducted self-relevant research, with those from minoritized backgrounds more likely to do so. Compared to these individuals, participants who had not engaged in self-relevant research made more stigmatizing judgments of self-relevant research and self-relevant research disclosure. Psychologists and trainees had more negative attitudes toward self-relevant research on mental health topics (suicide, depression, schizophrenia) than on physical health topics (cancer). Read about a related panel discussion at the 2022 APS Annual Convention, and stay tuned for an interview with the author on the Under the Cortex podcast. Shifting Episodic Prediction With Online Cognitive-Bias Modification: A Randomized Controlled TrialJeremy W. Eberle et al. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Correlates of Interrupted and Aborted Suicide Attempts Among U.S. Active Duty Service Members Seeking Treatment for Suicidal SymptomsCarol Chu, Chelsey R. Wilks, Thomas Joiner, and Peter M. Gutierrez This research suggests the importance of considering interrupted and aborted suicide attempts (SAs), in addition to actual SAs, when evaluating suicide risk among high-risk active-duty service members. Service members receiving suicide-related treatment completed baseline measures of suicide-related correlates (suicidal thoughts, thwarted belongingness, anxiety sensitivity, insomnia symptoms, alcohol use, hopelessness, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms) as well as at a 3-month follow-up. Results indicated that service members with interrupted and/or aborted SAs (and no prior SAs) reported significantly more severe baseline PTSD hyperarousal symptoms and were more likely to attempt suicide in the 3 months after baseline, compared with service members who had prior SAs. Rhetoric and Clinical Science: Maximizing Rationality Within Post-Justificationist KnowledgeWilliam O’Donohue O’Donohue presents an analysis of science as rhetoric—that is, scientists use methods of persuasion to communicate with multiple audiences. The author argues that rhetoric provides a rich additional dimension for how criticism can identify error in clinical psychological science. Recognizing science’s rhetorical dimension can increase scrutiny about its rhetorical decisions and improve its quality. O’Donohue also identifies and criticizes some major tropes used in psychological journals (e.g., messy constructs that are poorly defined, such as “mental disorder”). Longitudinal Stability of Disordered-Eating Symptoms From Age 12 to 40 in Black and White WomenJordan E. Parker et al. Decentering From Emotions in Daily Life: Dynamic Associations With Affect, Symptoms, and Well-BeingKristin Naragon-Gainey et al. The Insidious Influence of Stress: An Integrated Model of Stress, Executive Control, and PsychopathologyMeghan E. Quinn and Grant S. Shields Quinn and Shields’s integrated model of stress, executive control, and psychopathology posits that the impairing effects of acute stress on executive control (the control of cognition and behavior) can contribute to psychopathology. The authors review research on biological, emotional, and cognitive processes that can be impacted by executive control. They thus propose a framework for how poorer executive control under conditions of acute stress can contribute to psychopathology. This integrated model is intended to further researchers’ and practitioners’ understanding of who is more susceptible to the negative consequences of stress. The Link Between Low Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal StudiesSamantha Krauss, Laura C. Dapp, and Ulrich Orth State and Trait Emotion Regulation Diversity in Social AnxietyKatharine E. Daniel et al. Culturally Anchored Mental-Health Attitudes: The Impact of LanguageUriel C. Heller, Leigh H. Grant, Miwa Yasui, and Boaz Keysar The Memory Wars Then and Now: The Contributions of Scott O. LilienfeldSteven Jay Lynn, Richard J. McNally, and Elizabeth F. Loftus Beginning in the 1990s, the so-called memory wars featured disagreements among scientists and practitioners regarding repressed memories, recollections of trauma, and the hazards of memory recovery therapy. These controversies persist today concerning dissociative amnesia, beliefs about memory, suggestive psychotherapies, and the genesis of dissociative identity disorder (DID). In this review, Lynn and colleagues reflect on key conflicts, controversies, and flash points in the memory wars that have captured headlines, affected legislative action, and influenced civil suits and criminal trials. They recognize that these disagreements enhanced scientific understanding of memory, trauma, psychotherapies, and dissociative disorders. The authors also acknowledge Lilienfeld’s contributions to these discussions, particularly involving the sociocognitive model of DID and a transtheoretical framework that contrasts sharply with the posttraumatic view of DID. Feedback on this article? Email [email protected] or login to comment. Interested in writing for us? Read our contributor guidelines. |
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